WOLFRAM|DEMONSTRATIONS PROJECT

Trick to Multiply by N-1 in Base N

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base N
6
7
8
9
10
(N - 1) ×
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
9 × 5 = 45 in base 10
In base 10, multiplying digits by 9 produces a nice pattern. This Demonstration extends the trick, showing a simple way to multiply by
N-1
in base
N
.