Scalar Retarded Potential of a Point Charge Moving on a Circle with Constant Velocity

a

1.99

ω

1.5×10

10

z

0

1

2

3

4

5

x (cm)

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

(ϕ(x,0,z,a,ω))/q (cm^-1)

The radius of the circle is

a

cm and the angular velocity ω radians/second. The constant charge velocity

aω

is less than the light speed

c

. The plot shows the retarded scalar potential per charge unit (esu) with the dimension

cm

-1

. The retardation delay is negligible if the observation point

{x,y,z}

is near the charge position. The time dependent scalar potential is averaged over time.