illustrate
with
fixed
n
choose
n
:
n
1
2
3
4
5
integrand
:
x
x
n
x
n
sin
(
x
)
x
n
cos
(
x
)
sin
n
(
x
)
tan
n
(
x
)
log
n
(
x
)
x
n
x
+
1
To
establish
a
reduction
formula
for
∫
x
x
n
dx
,
use
integration
by
parts
:
u
=
x
n
dv
=
x
dx
du
=
n
x
n
-
1
dx
v
=
x
∫
x
x
n
dx
=
x
x
n
-
n
∫
x
x
n
-
1
dx
