WOLFRAM|DEMONSTRATIONS PROJECT

Location of the Zeros of a Polynomial with Positive Ordered Coefficients

​
ordered coefficients
a
7
37.5
a
6
32.5
a
5
27.5
a
4
22.5
a
3
17.5
a
2
12.5
a
1
7.5
a
0
2.5
37.5
7
z
+32.5
6
z
+27.5
5
z
+22.5
4
z
+17.5
3
z
+12.5
2
z
+7.5z+2.5
ring area:
A
R
= 3.48054 π
unit circle area:
A
C
= π
This Demonstration shows the location of the zeros of a polynomial
a
7
7
z
+…+
a
1
z+
a
0
of degree seven with positive coefficients. When the coefficients are ordered
a
n
≥…≥
a
1
≥
a
0
>0
, the Eneström–Kakeya theorem states that the zeros (red points) lie in the unit circle, represented by the black circle centered in the origin. Furthermore, regardless of the order of the coefficients, the zeros lie in the ring
a
0
a
0
+M'
<z<1+
M
a
n
, where
M=max|
a
i
|,i=0,...,n-1
and
M'=max|
a
i
|,i=0,...,n
, represented by the blue circles centered in the origin.
The ring area is bigger than the unit circle area, so the inner circle and the unit circle give a better ring than using the outer circle.