Exponential Congruences

±a

23

modulus

23

exponent

11

Congruences of the form

b

a

(modc)

display many regular patterns, as explained by theorems from Fermat and Euler, among others. The plot shows the values of

b

a

(modc)

within the complete residue system

{0,1,...,c-1}

for domain values

±a

, the modulus

c

, and the exponent

b

.