In[]:=
labeledExpressionGraph[nestedPositions_]:=With[{expressionGraph=ExpressionGraph[nestedPositions,DirectedEdges->True]},With[{expressionVerticesGraph=VertexDelete[VertexReplace[expressionGraph,Thread[VertexList[expressionGraph]->({#,AnnotationValue[{expressionGraph,#},"Subexpression"]}&/@VertexList[expressionGraph])]],_?(Head[#[[2,1]]]===Style&)]},With[{trimmedGraph=Graph[Subgraph[expressionVerticesGraph,VertexOutComponent[expressionVerticesGraph,{{1,Evaluate@nestedPositions}}]]]},Graph[trimmedGraph,VertexLabels->Thread[VertexList[trimmedGraph]->(If[MatchQ[Head[#[[2,1]]],Rule|RightTriangle],#[[2,1,2]],If[IntegerQ[#[[2,1]]],"",""]]&/@VertexList[trimmedGraph])]]]]]
In[]:=
LayeredGraphPlot[labeledExpressionGraph[{{{{{{0,0},{0,0}}⊳1,{{0,0},{0,0}}⊳2}⊳1,{{{0,0},{0,0}}⊳1,{{0,0},{0,0}}⊳2}⊳2}⊳4,{{{{0,0},{0,0}}⊳1,{{0,0},{0,0}}⊳2}⊳3,{{{0,0},{0,0}}⊳3,{{0,0},{0,0}}⊳4}⊳1}⊳3}⊳2}]]
Out[]=