O
u
t
[
]
=
P
a
r
a
m
e
t
e
r
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
x
(
u
,
v
)
u
C
o
s
[
v
]
y
(
u
,
v
)
u
S
i
n
[
v
]
z
(
u
,
v
)
u
P
a
r
a
m
e
t
e
r
B
o
u
n
d
s
u
m
i
n
0
u
m
a
x
1
v
m
i
n
0
v
m
a
x
2
π
