The rationale was to try to get a little better estimate of the first derivative when the data isn’t good. InterpolationOrder  3 uses four points to calculate the derivative instead of two points, and some additional smoothing with Method  “Spline”.
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The graphs below show that nothing can help bad data very much. But if you can imagine a parabola through the points, the blue dots might be a little better. The “RSquared” for the quadratic fit is a little better for the Interpolation[] solution, with the bad data but not with the good data.
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The good data actually look like a parabola either way.
In[]:=
data=deathCases;​​dataFn=Interpolation[data,Method"Spline"];​​dataDE={dataFn[#],dataFn'[#]}&/@data[[All,1]];​​dataDE1=Transpose[{Rest@#,Differences[#]}&@data[[All,2]]];​​ListPlot[{dataDE,dataDE1}]​​deModel=kx1-
x
L
;​​deNLM=NonlinearModelFit[dataDE,deModel,{k,L},x];​​deNLM1=NonlinearModelFit[dataDE1,deModel,{k,L},x];
Out[]=
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
50
100
150
200
250
In[]:=
deNLM@"RSquared"​​deNLM1@"RSquared"
Out[]=
0.853797
Out[]=
0.778268
In[]:=
data=notHubeiCases;​​dataFn=Interpolation[data,Method"Spline"];​​dataDE={dataFn[#],dataFn'[#]}&/@data[[All,1]];​​dataDE1=Transpose[{Rest@#,Differences[#]}&@data[[All,2]]];​​ListPlot[{dataDE,dataDE1}]​​deModel=kx1-
x
L
;​​deNLM=NonlinearModelFit[dataDE,deModel,{k,L},x];​​deNLM1=NonlinearModelFit[dataDE1,deModel,{k,L},x];
Out[]=
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
200
400
600
800
In[]:=
deNLM@"RSquared"​​deNLM1@"RSquared"
Out[]=
0.966408
Out[]=
0.977219
Centering the differences about the midpoint of the differences may help a little.
In[]:=
data=deathCases;​​dataFn=Interpolation[data,Method"Spline"];​​dataDE={dataFn[#],dataFn'[#]}&/@data[[All,1]];​​dataDE2=Transpose[{Mean/@Partition[data[[All,2]],2,1],Differences[data[[All,2]]]}];​​ListPlot[{dataDE,dataDE2}]​​deModel=kx1-
x
L
;​​deNLM=NonlinearModelFit[dataDE,deModel,{k,L},x];​​deNLM2=NonlinearModelFit[dataDE2,deModel,{k,L},x];
Out[]=
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
50
100
150
200
250
In[]:=
deNLM@"RSquared"​​deNLM2@"RSquared"
Out[]=
0.853797
Out[]=
0.782479