Dielectric Sphere in a Uniform Electric Field

​
relative permittivities
surrounding medium
ϵ
r
1
dielectric sphere
ϵ
a
5
This Demonstration shows the electric field in and around a spherical dielectric in a uniform external electric field. The spatial distribution of field intensity and direction are indicated by colors and arrows, respectively. You can vary the relative permittivity of the sphere and the surrounding medium. In the graphics, the radial and axial lengths are normalized to the sphere radius
a
, and the field intensity magnitude is given relative to the applied field
E
0
.

Details

Snapshot 1: dielectric sphere with a larger permittivity (
ϵ
a
>
ϵ
r
)
Snapshot 2: sphere with infinite permittivity (
ϵ
a
=∞
), equivalent to a conducting sphere
Snapshot 3: sphere with smaller permittivity (
ϵ
a
<
ϵ
r
), representing a void in the dielectric
Φ
in
=-
3
ϵ
a
/
ϵ
r
+2
E
0
z
,
Φ
out
=-
E
0
z+
ϵ
a
/
ϵ
r
-1
ϵ
a
/
ϵ
r
+2
3
a
E
0
z
3/2
(
2
r
+
2
z
)
.
The electric field can be obtained from
E=-gradΦ
as shown below.

E
r,in
=0
E
z,in
=
3
ϵ
a
/
ϵ
r
+2
E
0

E
r,out
=
3(
ϵ
a
/
ϵ
r
-1)
ϵ
a
/
ϵ
r
+2
3
a
E
0
rz
5/2
(
2
r
+
2
z
)
E
z,out
=
E
0
+
ϵ
a
/
ϵ
r
-1
ϵ
a
/
ϵ
r
+2
3
a
E
0
(2
2
z
-
2
r
)
5/2
(
2
r
+
2
z
)
Since the remaining components
E
ϕ
are zero, the above vectors are displayed as two-dimensional graphics in the
r
-
z
plane. The field inside the sphere is uniform, its value being less than
E
0
for
ϵ
a
>
ϵ
r
. However, it is greater than
E
0
for
ϵ
a
<
ϵ
r
, as seen in snapshot 3. In the extreme case of
ϵ
a
<<
ϵ
r
, it tends to 1.5
E
0
. Outside the sphere, the maximum field 3
E
0
occurs at
(r,z)=(0,±a)
for
ϵ
a
=∞
(snapshot 2).

References

[1] J. D. Jackson, Classical Electrodynamics, 3rd ed., New York: Wiley, 1999.

External Links

Dielectric (ScienceWorld)

Permanent Citation

Y. Shibuya
​
​"Dielectric Sphere in a Uniform Electric Field"​
​http://demonstrations.wolfram.com/DielectricSphereInAUniformElectricField/​
​Wolfram Demonstrations Project​
​Published: January 2, 2013