Tangents to a Rotating Ellipse

semimajor axis a

130.

eccentricity e

0.75

tangent

top

bottom

both

rotate ellipse by θ

0.

This Demonstration plots the tangents and the locus of the points of tangency to a rotating ellipse starting from a point on the

x

axis that you can drag along the axis.

Details

The equation of an ellipse with semimajor axis

a

and eccentricity

e

rotated by

θ

radians about its center at the origin is

2

(xcos(θ)-ysin(-θ))

-

2

(xsin(-θ)+ycos(θ))

(

2

e

-1)=

2

a

.

The equation of a line through the point

(d,0)

and cutting the

y

axis at an angle

γ

is

(d-x)cot(γ)=y

.

Solving these two equations simultaneously gives the two points of intersection of the line with the rotating ellipse. The line is tangent if these two points coincide. This happens with the angle

γ

that satisfies the equation that sets the two

x

coordinates of the intersection points equal,

2

a

-

2

d

-

2

a

2

e

-

2

d

cos(2γ)+

2

a

2

e

cos(2γ-2θ)=0

.

External Links

Ellipse (Wolfram MathWorld)

Tangent Line (Wolfram MathWorld)

Permanent Citation

Erik Mahieu

"Tangents to a Rotating Ellipse"
http://demonstrations.wolfram.com/TangentsToARotatingEllipse/
Wolfram Demonstrations Project
Published: November 29, 2012